<metadata>
  <idinfo>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Gabriel Senay</origin>
        <origin>Stefanie Kagone</origin>
        <pubdate>20190930</pubdate>
        <title>Daily SSEBop Evapotranspiration Data from 2000 to Present</title>
        <geoform>Digital Raster data</geoform>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>Sioux Falls, SD</pubplace>
          <publish>U.S. Geological Survey</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <othercit>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L2YMV</othercit>
        <onlink>https://earlywarning.usgs.gov/ssebop/modis/daily  </onlink>
        <lworkcit>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Gabriel B. Senay</origin>
            <origin>Stefanie Bohms</origin>
            <origin>Ramesh K. Singh</origin>
            <origin>Prasanna H. Gowda</origin>
            <origin>Naga M. Velpuri</origin>
            <origin>Henok Alemu</origin>
            <origin>James P. Verdin</origin>
            <pubdate>20130513</pubdate>
            <title>Operational Evapotranspiration Mapping Using Remote Sensing and Weather Datasets: A New Parameterization for the SSEB Approach</title>
            <geoform>publication</geoform>
            <serinfo>
              <sername>JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association</sername>
              <issue>vol. 49, issue 3</issue>
            </serinfo>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>
              <publish>Wiley</publish>
            </pubinfo>
            <othercit>ppg. 577-591</othercit>
            <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12057</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </lworkcit>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>Daily SSEBop evapotranspiration at the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) scale was created for the CONUS. These data are published on the USGS earlywarning site (https://earlywarning.usgs.gov/ssebop/modis/daily). The first phase included the creation on historical actual daily ET data from 2000 &#8211; 2018. The second phase will create the ET product operationally on a daily time scale.
The corresponding data files for each day, geotiff and meta data file, are compressed as a zip file for download. The values for the daily ET data are scaled by a factor of 1000. NoData pixels are indicated as NoData(9999). Daily ETa data are produced at 1 km resolution and are available at: https://earlywarning.usgs.gov/ssebop/modis/daily </abstract>
      <purpose>The model uses remotely sensed thermal data and model-assimilated weather fields to produce ET (1 km) at the daily time scale. The data is used to assess vegetation and landscape conditions for monitoring purposes.</purpose>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <sngdate>
          <caldate>20151014</caldate>
        </sngdate>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>daily</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>Complete</progress>
      <update>Not planned</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>-126.0000</westbc>
        <eastbc>-66.4920</eastbc>
        <northbc>49.5000</northbc>
        <southbc>23.9940</southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt>
        <themekey>inlandWaters</themekey>
        <themekey>geoscientificInformation</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Thesaurus</themekt>
        <themekey>Evapotranspiration</themekey>
        <themekey>SSEBop model</themekey>
        <themekey>USGS WaterSMART</themekey>
        <themekey>Remote Sensing</themekey>
        <themekey>actual ET</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)</placekt>
        <placekey>CONUS</placekey>
      </place>
    </keywords>
    <accconst>none</accconst>
    <useconst>none</useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Gabriel Senay</cntper>
          <cntorg>CLIMATE &amp; LAND-USE</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>47914 252nd Street</address>
          <city>Sioux Falls</city>
          <state>SD</state>
          <postal>57198</postal>
          <country>United States</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>605-594-2758</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>senay@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </ptcontac>
    <native>The dataset was processed using the operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model using Python 3 and ArcGIS 10.6.1. The geotiff and metadata file are combined in a zip folder with a size of about 17 MB. The naming convention is det{year}{day of year}.modisSSEBopETacutal.zip and include a geotiff and a corresponding metadata file.</native>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Gabriel Senay</origin>
        <origin>Stefanie (Bohms) Kagone</origin>
        <pubdate>2016</pubdate>
        <title>Operational SSEBop evapotranspiration </title>
        <geoform>raster digital data</geoform>
        <othercit>Evapotranspiration (ET) is the combination of transpiration from vegetation and evaporation from soil. Actual ET (ETa) is produced using the operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model (Senay et al., 2012) for the period 2000 to present. The SSEBop setup is based on the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach (Senay et al., 2011, 2013) with unique parameterization for operational applications. It combines ET fractions generated from remotely sensed MODIS thermal imagery, acquired every 8 days, with reference ET using a thermal index approach. The unique feature of the SSEBop parameterization is that it uses pre-defined, seasonally dynamic, boundary conditions that are unique to each pixel for the &#8220;hot/dry&#8221; and &#8220;cold/wet&#8221; reference points. The original formulation of SSEB is based on the hot and cold pixel principles of SEBAL (Bastiaanssen et al., 1998) and METRIC (Allen et al., 2007) models.
ETa data and anomaly products (current vs. 2001 &#8211; 2015) are available at: https://earlywarning.usgs.gov/ssebop/modis/8-day.
The actual ET data unit is millimeters (mm) is and anomalies (the ratio of ETa and the corresponding median ETa) expressed as a percent value are available for download as geotiff file.</othercit>
        <onlink>https://earlywarning.usgs.gov/ssebop/modis/8-day</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Gabriel B Senay</origin>
        <pubdate>2018</pubdate>
        <title>Satellite Psychrometric Formulation of the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) Model for Quantifying and Mapping Evapotranspiration</title>
        <geoform>publication</geoform>
        <serinfo>
          <sername>Applied Engineering in Agriculture</sername>
          <issue>vol. 34, issue 3</issue>
        </serinfo>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>
          <publish>American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <othercit>ppg. 555-566</othercit>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.12614</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>G. B. Senay</origin>
        <origin>S. Leake</origin>
        <origin>P. L. Nagler</origin>
        <origin>G. Artan</origin>
        <origin>J. Dickinson</origin>
        <origin>J. T. Cordova</origin>
        <origin>E. P. Glenn</origin>
        <pubdate>20111214</pubdate>
        <title>Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods</title>
        <geoform>publication</geoform>
        <serinfo>
          <sername>Hydrological Processes</sername>
          <issue>vol. 25, issue 26</issue>
        </serinfo>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>
          <publish>Wiley</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <othercit>ppg. 4037-4049</othercit>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8379</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Brian D. Wardlow</origin>
        <pubdate>20120424</pubdate>
        <title>Remote Sensing of Drought</title>
        <geoform>publication</geoform>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>
          <publish>CRC Press</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <othercit>Contributed with book chapter 6 - Senay, G. B., Bohms, S., &amp; Verdin, J. P. (2012). Remote sensing of evapotranspiration for operational drought monitoring using principles of water and energy balance: Chapter 6. </othercit>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1201/b11863</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Allen, Richard G </origin>
        <origin>Pereira, Luis S</origin>
        <origin>Raes, Dirk </origin>
        <origin>Smith, Martin</origin>
        <pubdate>1998</pubdate>
        <title>Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56</title>
        <geoform>publication</geoform>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Richard G. Allen</origin>
        <origin>Masahiro Tasumi</origin>
        <origin>Ricardo Trezza</origin>
        <pubdate>200708</pubdate>
        <title>Satellite-Based Energy Balance for Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration (METRIC)&#8212;Model</title>
        <geoform>publication</geoform>
        <serinfo>
          <sername>Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering</sername>
          <issue>vol. 133, issue 4</issue>
        </serinfo>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>
          <publish>American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <othercit>ppg. 380-394</othercit>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2007)133:4(380)</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>W.G.M. Bastiaanssen</origin>
        <origin>M. Menenti</origin>
        <origin>R.A. Feddes</origin>
        <origin>A.A.M. Holtslag</origin>
        <pubdate>199812</pubdate>
        <title>A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL). 1. Formulation</title>
        <geoform>publication</geoform>
        <serinfo>
          <sername>Journal of Hydrology</sername>
          <issue>vol. 212-213</issue>
        </serinfo>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>
          <publish>Elsevier BV</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <othercit>ppg. 198-212</othercit>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00253-4</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
  </idinfo>
  <dataqual>
    <attracc>
      <attraccr>No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted</attraccr>
    </attracc>
    <logic>Data accuracy tested by comparing to previous version data of the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model and other independent data sources.</logic>
    <complete>Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.</complete>
    <posacc>
      <horizpa>
        <horizpar>No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted</horizpar>
      </horizpa>
      <vertacc>
        <vertaccr>No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted</vertaccr>
      </vertacc>
    </posacc>
    <lineage>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>NASA LP DAAC</origin>
            <pubdate>20190930</pubdate>
            <title>MODIS Land Surface Temperature</title>
            <geoform>remote-sensing image</geoform>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>
              <publish>NASA LP DAAC</publish>
            </pubinfo>
            <onlink>https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data_access</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20000301</begdate>
              <enddate>20190930</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>MODIS LST</srccitea>
        <srccontr>model input</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>NASA LP DAAC</origin>
            <pubdate>20190930</pubdate>
            <title>MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index </title>
            <geoform>remote-sensing image</geoform>
            <onlink>https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data_access</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20000301</begdate>
              <enddate>20190930</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>MODIS NDVI</srccitea>
        <srccontr>model input</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Daymet</origin>
            <pubdate>20181231</pubdate>
            <title>maximum air temperature</title>
            <geoform>raster digital data</geoform>
            <onlink>https://daac.ornl.gov/DAYMET/guides/Daymet_V3_CFMosaics.html</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>19800101</begdate>
              <enddate>20181231</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Tmax</srccitea>
        <srccontr>model input</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Gridmet</origin>
            <pubdate>20190930</pubdate>
            <title>Reference ET</title>
            <geoform>raster digital data</geoform>
            <onlink>http://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>19790101</begdate>
              <enddate>20190930</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>ETr</srccitea>
        <srccontr>model input</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>After the Land surface temperature (LST) is acquired from the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) website (lpdaac.usgs.gov/), the Evapotranspiration (ET) fraction raster is created using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model (Senay et al. 2013).</procdesc>
        <procdate>20190930</procdate>
        <proccont>
          <cntinfo>
            <cntperp>
              <cntper>Stefanie Kagone (CTR)</cntper>
              <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, LAND RESOURCES</cntorg>
            </cntperp>
            <cntaddr>
              <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
              <address>47914 252nd Street</address>
              <city>Sioux Falls</city>
              <state>SD</state>
              <postal>57198</postal>
              <country>United States</country>
            </cntaddr>
            <cntvoice>605-594-2862</cntvoice>
            <cntemail>skagone@contractor.usgs.gov</cntemail>
          </cntinfo>
        </proccont>
      </procstep>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>The Evapotranspiration (ET) fraction is multiplied by the daily reference ET to calculate actual ET in millimeter per day (mm/day) (Senay et al. 2013).</procdesc>
        <procdate>20190930</procdate>
        <proccont>
          <cntinfo>
            <cntperp>
              <cntper>Stefanie Kagone</cntper>
              <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, LAND RESOURCES</cntorg>
            </cntperp>
            <cntaddr>
              <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
              <address>47914 252nd Street</address>
              <city>Sioux Falls</city>
              <state>South Dakota</state>
              <postal>57198</postal>
              <country>United States</country>
            </cntaddr>
            <cntvoice>605-594-2862</cntvoice>
            <cntemail>skagone@contractor.usgs.gov</cntemail>
          </cntinfo>
        </proccont>
      </procstep>
    </lineage>
  </dataqual>
  <spdoinfo>
    <direct>Raster</direct>
    <rastinfo>
      <rasttype>Pixel</rasttype>
      <rowcount>2834</rowcount>
      <colcount>6612</colcount>
    </rastinfo>
  </spdoinfo>
  <eainfo>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>det2015287.modisSSEBopETactual.tif</enttypl>
        <enttypd>SSEBop ET value in millimeter (mm) as defined in file name.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>n/a</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
    </detailed>
    <overview>
      <eaover>The SSEBop setup is based on the original Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach (Senay et al., 2007, 2011) with unique and improved parameterizations for operational applications. It combines ET fractions generated from remotely sensed MODIS thermal imagery with reference ET, generated from weather data fields using the Penman-Monteith Equation. The unique feature of the SSEBop parameterization is that it uses a pre-defined, seasonally dynamic surface psychrometer constant parameter that helps define the hot/dry and cold/wet reference limits, unique to each pixel. Furthermore, the cold/wet limit is determined using the daily maximum air temperature (Ta) using the c factor parameter which relates Ta to land surface temperature at well-vegetated/well-watered surfaces. The original SSEB model was formulated based on an adaptation of the hot and cold pixel principles of SEBAL (Bastiaanssen et al., 1998) and METRIC (Allen et al., 2007) models.</eaover>
      <eadetcit>Senay, G., Bohms, S., Singh, R. K., Gowda, P. H., Velpuri, N. M., Alemu, H., &amp; Verdin, J. P. (2013). Operational Evapotranspiration Mapping Using Remote Sensing and Weather Datasets: A New Parameterization for the SSEB Approach. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 49(3), 577-591. doi:10.1111/jawr.12057</eadetcit>
    </overview>
  </eainfo>
  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Gabriel Senay</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>47914 252nd Street</address>
          <city>Sioux Falls</city>
          <state>SD</state>
          <postal>57198</postal>
          <country>United States</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>1-605-594-2758</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>senay@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </distrib>
    <distliab>Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.</distliab>
    <stdorder>
      <digform><digtinfo>
          <formname>Digital Data</formname>
        </digtinfo>
        <digtopt><onlinopt><computer><networka><networkr>https://earlywarning.usgs.gov/ssebop/modis/daily</networkr></networka></computer></onlinopt></digtopt></digform>
      <fees>N/A</fees>
    </stdorder>
    <techpreq>This zip file contains data in geotiff format. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and displaying the raster data.</techpreq>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20190930</metd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Stefanie Kagone (CTR)</cntper>
          <cntorg>CLIMATE &amp; LAND-USE</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>47914 252nd Street</address>
          <city>Sioux Falls</city>
          <state>SD</state>
          <postal>57198</postal>
          <country>United States</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>1-605-594-2862</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>skagone@contractor.usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
  </metainfo>
</metadata>